Austenitic stainless steels have high ductility, low yield stress and relatively high ultimate tensile strength, when compare to a typical carbon steel. A carbon steel on cooling transforms from Austenite to a mixture of ferrite and cementite. With austenitic stainless steel, the high chrome and nickel content suppress this transformation keeping the material fully austenite on cooling (The Nickel
Visual Inspection (VT) Visual inspection is a non-destructive testing (NDT)weld quality testing processwhere a weld is examined with the eye to determine surface discontinuities. It is the most common method of weld quality testing. Advantages of nondestructive weld quality testing: Inexpensive (usually only labor expense) Low cost equipment No power requirement Quick
Heating the base metal adds time and money up front, but can save time and money by minimizing potential for weld failure. Here’s how to determine the best preheating method – convection ovens, induction, open flame, or resistance heating – for your application. Posted: July 24, 2020 MELTING POINT COLUMN BY NICK PETERSON Welding preheat is important in many
Hydrostatic test Ahydrostatic testis a way in whichpressure vesselssuch aspipelines,plumbing,gas cylinders,boilersand fuel tanks can be tested for strength and leaks. The test involves filling the vessel or pipe system with a liquid, usually water, which may be dyed to aid in visual leak detection, and pressurization of the vessel to the specified
Welding Welding is basically the mixing of abase metalwithfiller metal. Filler material is melted at high temperature through a consumableelectrodeand provides the relevant bonding strength. Filler metal and base metal are bonded together in one solid body. A good quality weld is at least as strong as the base material(s) being joined. Preheating Preheating is
Welding Procedures are the guidelines used to perform a weld. They are designed to provide a record of the welding variables used and the inspection results obtained during the procedure qualification test. They can also provide the instructions for the welder to use in production in order to produce acceptable welds. Usually welding procedures are developed in accordance with a welding code or standard,
Art of extracting maximum information from radiography image. This requires subjective judgment of the interpreter Interpretis to give the meaning of to explain.Evaluateis to determine the worth of something.Indicationis a density change appearing on a radiograph.False indicationsare film artifacts, screen Problems, fog, scatter x-ray diffraction.Discontinuityis
Before applying for the detailed PWHT requirements and exemption in these paragraphs, satisfactory weld procedure qualifications of the welding procedures specification to be used shall be performed in accordance with all the essential variables of ASME SECTION IX including conditions of post-weld heat treatment and including other restrictions listed below. While carrying out local post-weld
At the end of construction, and following commissioning tasks such as water flushing, water should always be present in petroleum processing equipment. Whenever this water may subsequently lead to an operational problem, or if equipment may be damaged, it is necessary to perform a drying-out operation. There are several different reasons for drying-out depending upon the type of equipment and
Preheating involves heating the base metal, either in its entirety or just the region surrounding the joint, to a specific desired temperature, called the preheat temperature, prior to welding. Heating may be continued during the welding process, but frequently the heat from welding is sufficient to maintain the desired temperature without a continuation of the external heat source. The interpass temperature,
PIPING HYDROSTATIC TESTING (OVERVIEW) Pressure source and test gauge should be upstream of check valve. If pressure source is downstream, check valve should have flapper removed or jacked?up. (Pressure must be released downstream of check valve after test completion.) Ensure that test blinds installed are the Correct thickness. Ensure that all items such as control valves, relief valves,
Industrial Inspection Inspection 4 Industry LLC,Provides Global Industrial Inspection Services. The services covers shop inspection, site inspection and plant inspection. The articles are about different inspection field categories such as shop inspection, site inspection, and in-service inspection requirements. The articles present you applicable codes and standards. There will also
Have you heard of post weld heat treatment (PWHT)? Of course you have. If you are involved in welding you have definitely heard this term. But what is PHWT? When is PWHT required? What temperature should PWHT be done at? Heat treating of materials can be a very complicated subject, but when it comes to heat treatment after welding it boils down to a simple concept: PWHT is done in
PostHeating In case of alloy steel materials such as Cr-Mo stels, if the post weld heat treatment is not performed immediately after welding, then the weld joint and adjacent portion of pipe, at least 50 mm on either side of pipe, shall be uniformly heated to 300°C. This temperature shall be maintained for half an hour minimum, and then wrapped with mineral wool before allowing it to cool
Preheating Heat treatment of welds is a critical activity which needs to be carried out before and after the welding process. Heat treatment before welding (Preheating) is necessary to bring the base weld metal at proper temperature. No welding shall be performed without preheating the joint to 10°C (50°F) when the ambient temperature is below 10° C. Preheating requirements for
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